Evaluating ascent condition during the formation of 723 CE vulcanian eruption of Kelud: Implication for hazard

Jananda Nuralam Indriyanto

doi:10.56099/ophi.v7i2.p49-58

Penulis

Jananda Nuralam Indriyanto Teknik Geologi Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5278-8088

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56099/ophi.v7i2.p49-58

Kata Kunci:

kelud, vulcanian eruption, conduit dynamic, groundmass crystallization, microlite

Abstrak

Letusan Gunung Kelud pada tahun 723 M di Jawa Timur, Indonesia, memberikan informasi penting tentang dinamika kenaikan magma dan kondisi pra-erupsi dari letusan eksplosif tipe vulkanian. Penelitian ini menggabungkan kajian pada variasi tekstur dan komposisi massadasar (groundmass) serta morfologi mikrolit dari aliran piroklastik (pyroclastic density currents/PDCs) kaya litik dan endapan jatuhan pumis dari berbagai tahap letusan tahun 723 M. Analisis petrografi dan geokimia menunjukkan perbedaan kondisi kenaikan magma pada berbagai jenis endapan dan tahap erupsi. Butiran litik, yang didominasi oleh mikrolit euhedral dan komposisi massadasar riolitik yang telah berkembang, mengkristal pada kondisi kenaikan magma yang lambat dan degassing yang terbatas sehingga dapat membentuk sumbat magma atau kubah lava. Sebaliknya, butiran pumis, yang dicirikan oleh mikrolit berbentuk skeletal dan komposisi massa dasar dasitik, mencerminkan proses fragmentasi akibat kenaikan magma yang lebih cepat selama fase letusan eksplosif. Temuan ini menjelaskan interaksi dinamis antara kristalisasi, degassing, dan proses konduit yang menghasilkan letusan jenis vulkanian, khususnya di Gunung Kelud. Studi ini menegaskan pentingnya pendekatan petrologi dalam menganalisis produk letusan tipe vulkanian untuk memahami proses magmatik yang bertanggung jawab atas kejadian tersebut dan meningkatkan evaluasi bahaya untuk potensi letusan serupa di masa depan.

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