Karakteristik dan Mekanisme Keterbentukan Batuan Pra-Tersier Daerah Simpang, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan, Sumatera Selatan

Muhammad Aldriansyah Abellino; Idarwati Idarwati

doi:10.56099/ophi.v8i1.p13-25

Authors

Muhammad Aldriansyah Abellino Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
Idarwati Idarwati Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0572-8728

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56099/ophi.v8i1.p13-25

Keywords:

evolusi, karakteristik, petrografi, sejarah, simpang, tektonik

Abstract

The Simpang area, located in South Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, lies within the Pre-Tertiary region of Sumatra, recording a complex tectonic and magmatic history from the Paleozoic to Mesozoic. The region hosts metamorphic, sedimentary, volcanic, and granitoid rocks, reflecting the influence of subduction, collision, and accretion processes. In particular, the exposed Pre-Tertiary rocks result from the collision between the Woyla Arc and the West Sumatra Block, offering insight into their formation mechanisms and characteristics. Previous studies have outlined the Woyla Arc’s geological structure within the Garba Complex; this study aims to reconstruct the sequence of formation processes and define the properties of Pre-Tertiary rocks through detailed geological mapping and petrographic analysis. Our research indicates that the evolution of these rocks was controlled by multistage convergent tectonics from the Carboniferous–Permian to the Late Cretaceous. The early phase involved Paleotethys subduction, causing regional metamorphism and forming the Tarap Formation (PCt) basement. Subsequent Mesotethys subduction and accretion produced schists and island-arc andesites in the Garba Formation’s Situlanglalang (Kjgs) and Insu (Kjgv) members. Intense deformation within an accretionary prism generated the Mélange Complex (Km), followed by arc magmatism that intruded the Garba Granite (Kgr). These findings illustrate how subduction, accretion, deformation, and magmatism interacted dynamically to produce a complex, continuous regional geological framework in the Simpang area.

References

Barber, A. J., Crow, M. J. & Milsom, J. S. 2005. Sumatra: Geology, Resources and Tectonic Evolution. Geological Society, London, Memoirs. https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.Mem.2005.031

Boggs, S., 1987. Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy (5 ed.). Edinburgh, Pearson Prentice Hall.

Gafoer, S., Amin, T.C., & Pardede, R., 1993. Geological Map of The Baturaja Quadranangel, Sumatera. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi.

Hall, R. 2000. Cenozoic plate tectonic reconstructions of SE Asia. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126(1), pp. 11–23. https://doi.org/doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.03

Hamilton, W. 1973. Tectonics of the Indonesian Region. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia, 6, pp. 3–10. https://doi.org/10.7186/bgsm06197301

Handini, E., Setiawan, N.I., Husein, S., & Adi, P.C. 2017. Petrologi Batuan Alas Cekungan (Basement) Pra-Tersier di Pegunungan Garba, Sumatera Selatan. Joint Convention Malang, HAGI – IAGI – IAFMI- IATMI.

Haty, I.P, Idarwati, Harjanto, A., & Maskuri, F. 2020. Air Terjun Way Lubar Produk Sesar Pra Tersier Pulau Sumatera. Yogyakarta, LPPM UPN Veteran Yogyakarta.

Hawkesworth, C., Cawood, P., & Dhuime, B. 2013. Continental growth and the crustal record. Tectonophysics, 609, pp. 651–660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2013.08.013

Idarwati, Purwanto, H. S., Sutriyono, E., & Prasetyadi, C. 2018. Revealing granitic basement of Garba Hill, Muara Dua Region, South Sumatera based on landsat images, structure, and petrography. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 212, pp. 012041. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/212/1/012041

Idarwati, Purwanto, H. S., Sutriyono, E., Prasetyadi, C., & Jati, S. N. 2021. History Woyla Arc of the Garba Complex: Implications for Tectonic Evolution of the South Sumatra Region, Indonesia. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 09(12), pp. 118–132. https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2021.912008

Idarwati, Setiawan, B., Jati, S. N., Rochmana, Y. Z., Mayasari, E. D. & Rendana, M. 2025. Schematic formation of boudine granite and microfold phyllite of Gilas River: Implications for Triassic to Tertiary tectonics of Garba Hill, South Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, South Sumatra Province. Geosystems and Geoenvironment, 4(3), pp. 100414. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100414

Indriyanto, J. N. 2025. Evaluating ascent condition during the formation of 723 CE vulcanian eruption of Kelud: Implication for hazard. OPHIOLITE: Jurnal Geologi Terapan, 7(2), pp. 49–58. https://doi.org/10.56099/ophi.v7i2.p49-58

Koesoemadinata, R.P., Kesumajana, A.H.P., & Sadjati, O. 2000. The utilization of paleo heatflow to define a source rock maturity: case study at Ngimbang-01, North East Java Basin, Indonesia. AAPG International Conference and exhibition, Bali, Indonesia.

Metcalfe, I., 2013. Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion: Tectonic and palaeogeographic evolution of eastern Tethys. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 66, pp. 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.12.020

Munasri & Putra, A.M. 2019. First evidence of Middle to Late Triassic radiolarians in the Garba mountains, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Island Arc, 28(3), e12298. https://doi.org/10.1111/iar.12298

Panggabean, H. & Santy, L. D. 2012. Sejarah penimbunan Cekungan Sumatera Selatan dan implikasinya terhadap waktu generasi hidrokarbon. Jurnal Sumber Daya Geologi, 22(4), pp. 225–235. https://doi.org/10.33332/jgsm.geologi.v22i4.122

Paterson, S., Memeti, V., Mundil, R., & Žák, J. 2016. Repeated, multiscale, magmatic erosion and recycling in an upper-crustal pluton: Implications for magma chamber dynamics and magma volume estimates. American Mineralogist, 101(10), pp. 2176–2198. https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5576

Pulunggono, A., Haryo, A.S. & Kosuma, C.G., 1992. Pre-Tertiary and Tertiary fault system as a framework of the South Sumatra Basin: a study of SAR map. Proceedings of the Indonesian Petroleum Association, Jakarta.

Raymond, L.A. 2019. Perspectives on the roles of melanges in subduction accretionary complexes: A review, Gondwana Research, 74, pp. 68-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2019.03.005 .

Robertson, S. 1999. BGS Rock Classification Scheme Volume 2 Classification of Metamorphic Rocks. British Geologi Survey. United Kingdom.

Stern, R. J., & Scholl, D. W. 2010. Yin and yang of continental crust creation and destruction by plate tectonic processes. International Geology Review, 52(1), pp. 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206810903332322

Streckeisen, A. 1974. Classification and nomenclature of plutonic rocks recommendations of the IUGS subcommission on the systematics of Igneous Rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 63(2), pp. 773–786. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01820841

Van Zuidam, R.A. 1983. Guide to Geomorphologic-Aerial Photographic Interpretation and Mapping, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede.

Wakabayashi, J. 2011. Mélanges of the Franciscan Complex, California: Diverse structural settings, evidence for sedimentary mixing, and their connection to subduction processes. Dalam: Wakabayashi, J. & Dilek, Y. (eds.) Mélanges: Processes of Formation and Societal Significance. Geological Society of America. pp. 117-142. https://doi.org/10.1130/2011.2480(05)