Integrasi Analisis Kinematika dan Q-slope untuk Optimasi Geometri Lereng pada Kuari Batugamping Daerah Moramo Utara, Sulawesi Tenggara

Masri; Hairun Anwar; La Ode Andimbara; Waode Rizky Awaliah Nafiu; La Ode Sahiddin; Abd Ali Kayum Pino; La Ode Ngkoimani

doi:10.56099/ophi.v8i1.p86-98

Authors

Masri Teknik Geologi Universitas Halu Oleo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6551-5150
Hairun Anwar Program Studi Teknik Geologi, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Indonesia
La Ode Andimbara Program Studi Teknik Geofisika, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Indonesia
Waode Rizky Awaliah Nafiu Program Studi Teknik Pertambangan, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Indonesia
La Ode Sahiddin Program Studi Teknik Geofisika, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Indonesia
Abd Ali Kayum Pino Program Studi Teknik Pertambangan, Universitas Sulawesi Tenggara, Kendari, Indonesia
La Ode Ngkoimani Program Studi Teknik Geologi, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56099/ophi.v8i1.p86-98

Keywords:

longsoran baji, kinematika longsoran, probabilitas kelongsoran, Q-Slope, Kuari batugamping

Abstract

The optimization of slope geometry in limestone quarries is crucial for ensuring occupational safety and production sustainability during complex rock mass characteristics. This study aims to determine optimal quarry slope design in Wawatu Village, Southeast Sulawesi, by integrating kinematic analysis and the Q-slope method. The novelty of this research lies in the development of site-specific empirical relationships bridging RMR, SMR, and Q-slope systems for limestone quarries in the research area. Research methods include scanline surveys, stereographic projection kinematic analysis, and rock mass classification. Results indicate that slope stability is predominantly controlled by joints and bedding, with wedge failure dominating Slopes 1, 3, and 5 (up to 69.73% probability) and toppling failure on Slope 2 (41.46%). Although the basic rock mass quality is categorized as "Good" (RMR 63–70), the SMR (53–66) and Q-slope (0.17–7.13) parameters provide more conservative assessments regarding unfavorable discontinuity orientations. Based on the Q-slope stability chart with a 1% failure probability threshold, flatter slope angles are recommended in critical areas to mitigate instability risks. These findings demonstrate that a site-specific Q-slope approach enhances safety standards while simultaneously optimizing production efficiency in open-pit mining operations.

References

Aydin, A. 2009. ISRM Suggested method for determination of the Schmidt hammer rebound hardness: Revised version. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 46(3), pp. 627–634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2008.01.020

Azarafza, M., Koçkar, M. K. & Zhu, H.-H. 2021. Correlations of SMR-Qslope Data in Stability Classification of Discontinuous Rock Slope: A Modified Relationship Considering the Iranian Data. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 40(4), pp. 1751–1764. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-021-01991-w

Azarafza, M., Nanehkaran, Y. A., Rajabion, L., Akgün, H., Rahnamarad, J., Derakhshani, R. & Raoof, A. 2020. Application of the modified Q-slope classification system for sedimentary rock slope stability assessment in Iran. Engineering Geology, 264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105349

Azzaman, M. A. & Titisari, A. D. 2023. Genesa Marmer Daerah Mata Wawatu dan Sanggula, Kecamatan Moramo Utara, Konawe Selatan Berdasarkan Karakteristik Tekstur, Struktur, dan Asosiasi Batuannya. Jurnal Geosains dan Teknologi, 6(1), pp. 17–26. https://doi.org/10.14710/jgt.6.1.2023.17-26

Bar, N. & Barton, N. 2017. The Q-Slope Method for Rock Slope Engineering. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 50(12), pp. 3307–3322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1305-0

Bar, N. & Barton, N. 2018. Q-slope: An empirical rock slope engineering approach in Australia. Australian Geomechanics Journal, 53(4), pp. 73–86.

Bar, N. & Barton, N. 2024. Q-Slope: Rock Slope Engineering 10 Years on. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-024-04064-5

Barton, N. R. & Bandis, S. C. 2017. Characterization and modeling of the shear strength, stiffness and hydraulic behavior of rock joints for engineering purposes. In: Feng, X.-T. (ed.) Rock Mechanics and Engineering Volume 1: Principles. London: CRC Press. pp. 3–40.

Bieniawski, Z. T. 1989. Engineering rock mass classifications. Ottawa, John Wiley & Sons.

Borges, R. P., de A. P. Bacellar, L., Grasso, C. B., Gomes, G. J. C. & Gomes, R. G. S. 2023. Slope geometry optimization considering groundwater drawdown scenarios at an open-pit phosphate mine, southeastern Brazil. Environmental Earth Sciences, 82(7), pp. 164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-023-10855-w

Gurocak, Z., Alemdag, S. & Zaman, M. M. 2008. Rock slope stability and excavatability assessment of rocks at the Kapikaya dam site, Turkey. Engineering Geology, 96(1-2), pp. 17–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2007.08.005

ISRM 1979. Suggested methods for the quantitative description of discontinuities in rock masses. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 16(2), pp. 319–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(79)91476-1

Jorda-Bordehore, L., Cano, N. B. M., Riquelme, A. & Tomás, R. 2018. Stability Assessment of Rock Slopes Using Empirical Approaches: Comparison Between Slope Mass Rating and Q-Slope XIV International Congress on Energy and Mineral Resources. Slope Stability, Sevilla, Spain. pp.

Komurlu, E. 2022. Case studies on Q-slope method use for slope stability analyses. Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica, 44(3), pp. 190–197. https://doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2022-0010

Li, S., Zhao, Z., Hu, B., Yin, T., Chen, G. & Chen, G. 2022. Hazard Classification and Stability Analysis of High and Steep Slopes from Underground to Open-Pit Mining. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), pp. 11679. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811679

Masri, Mili, M. Z., Nafiu, W. R. A., Wahab, Agriawan, H. & Ngkoimani, L. O. 2024. Potensi dan probabilitas kelongsoran lereng tambang kuari batugamping di daerah Moramo Utara, Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara, 20(2), pp. 51–63. https://doi.org/10.30556/jtmb.vol20.no2.2024.1550

Masri & Sadisun, I. A. 2019. Analisis kestabilan lereng terhadap potensi longsoran guling menggunakan Continuous Slope Mass Rating (C-SMR) pada ruas jalan Tawaeli-Toboli km 42–52, Sulawesi Tengah. OPHIOLITE: Jurnal Geologi Terapan, 1(1), pp. 1–9. https://doi.org/10.56099/ophiolite.v1i1.8986

Mikroutsikos, A., Theocharis, A. I., Koukouzas, N. C. & Zevgolis, I. E. 2021. Slope stability of deep surface coal mines in the presence of a weak zone. Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources, 7(3), pp. 66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40948-021-00265-2

Pilecki, Z., Bazarnik, M., Dubiński, J., Marcak, H. & Dec, J. 2018. Slope stability monitoring in open pit mines using 3D terrestrial laser scanning. E3S Web of Conferences, 66, pp. 01020. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186601020

Priest, S. D. 1993. Discontinuity analysis for rock engineering. London, Chapman & Hall,.

Qadri, J., Alam, M. M. & Sadique, M. R. 2021. Comparison of Slope Mass Ratings Classification Systems: A Review. Research Square Platform LLC.

Romana, M. 1993. A Geomechanical Classification for Slope: Slope Mass Rating. In: Hudson, J. A. (ed.) Comprehensive Rock Engineering Principles, Practice, and Projects. Oxford: Pergamon Press. pp. 575–598.

Romana, M., Tomás, R. & Serón, J. B. 2015. Slope Mass Rating (SMR) geomechanics classification Thirty years review. ISRM Congress 2015 Proceedings - International Symposium on Rock Mechanics, 2015 Vancouver, Kanada. International Society of Rock Mechanics. pp. 1689–1699. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

Simandjuntak, T. O., Surono & Sukido 1993. Peta Geologi Lembar Kolaka, Sulawesi (Skala 1:250000) [Geologic map of the Kolaka quadrangle, Sulawesi (Scale 1:250,000)]. Bandung, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi.

Sirait, B., Pulungan, Z. & Pujianto, E. 2021. Identifikasi potensi longsoran lereng pada kuari batugamping menggunakan analisis kinematika. Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara, 17(2), pp. 61–75. https://doi.org/10.30556/jtmb.vol17.no2.2021.1113

Weerasinghe, R., Xiaoli, G., Jiancheng, Y., Xueliang, L., Xin, W., Xingli, L., Wu, J. & Weng, C. H. 2020. Study on shaping slope stability of dump in eastern grassland open-pit mine. E3S Web of Conferences, 194, pp. 04043. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019404043

Wyllie, D. C. & Mah, C. W. 2017. Rock Slope Engineering. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315274980

Yusuf, M., Helmalia, D., Ramadhoan, P., Zubaidin, Alpiana & Hidayati 2023. Analysis of Slope Stability Using Applied Research Methods A Case Study at Taman Ayu Gerung Village, Gerung District, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1175(1), pp. 012009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1175/1/012009