Identifikasi Struktur sebagai Jalur Migrasi Sistem Panas Bumi Gunung Ciremai Berdasarkan Analisis dan Pemodelan Gaya Berat

Gloria Panggabean; Rizki Buana Agustian; Chiko Hafizh Ardiansyah; Azizah Dea Putri; Karyanto; Nandi Haerudin; Rahmat Catur Wibowo; Rahmi Mulyasari

doi:10.56099/ophi.v8i2.p11-21

Authors

Gloria Panggabean Jurusan Teknik Geofisika, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia
Rizki Buana Agustian Jurusan Teknik Geofisika, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia
Chiko Hafizh Ardiansyah Jurusan Teknik Geofisika, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia
Azizah Dea Putri Jurusan Teknik Geofisika, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia
Karyanto Jurusan Teknik Geofisika, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia
Nandi Haerudin Jurusan Teknik Geofisika, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia
Rahmat Catur Wibowo Jurusan Teknik Geofisika, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-1803
Rahmi Mulyasari Jurusan Teknik Geologi, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2723-5750

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56099/ophi.v8i2.p11-21

Keywords:

anomali bouguer, gaya berat, GGMPlus, gunung ciremai, panasbumi

Abstract

The Mount Ciremai area is a Quaternary volcano that developed within the tectonic framework of the Java volcanic arc and is controlled by magmatic activity and regional fault structures, indicating significant geothermal potential. This study aims to characterize subsurface structures and specifically identify geothermal fluid migration pathways based on the analysis of satellite gravity data from the Global Gravity Model Plus (GGMPlus). The gravity data were processed to obtain the Complete Bouguer Anomaly (CBA), separated into regional and residual anomalies, and subsequently analyzed using gravity field derivatives, namely the First Horizontal Derivative (FHD) and the Second Vertical Derivative (SVD), and further modeled through three-dimensional gravity inversion. The results indicate that the CBA values range from −45.4 mGal to +29.7 mGal, with low-anomaly zones concentrated in the central part of the study area, forming a low-density basin-like pattern. The regional anomaly suggests the presence of deep geological structures and possible influences of magmatic systems, whereas the residual anomaly reveals shallow-to-intermediate density contrasts interpreted to be associated with fracture zones and geothermal alteration. The FHD and SVD analyses consistently identify possible fault systems, including reverse and normal faults with dominant orientations related to sharp gravity anomaly gradients. The 3D inversion modeling indicates a spatial correlation between low-density zones and these fault structures, which are interpreted as the main migration pathways for geothermal fluids. These findings confirm that the integration of derivative analysis and 3D inversion based on GGMPlus data is effective for the preliminary delineation of controlling zones within the geothermal system of Mount Ciremai.

References

Agustian, R. B., Amanda, A., Fista, A. D., & Dani, I. 2025. Pemisahan Anomali Gaya berat Regional dan Residual Menggunakan Metode Gaussian Low Pass Filter pada Daerah Potensi Panas Bumi Way Ratai Lampung. Jurnal Teras Fisika: Teori, Modeling, dan Aplikasi Fisika, 8(2), pp. 7-16. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jtf.2025.8.2.16700

Alqahtani, F., Abraham, E. M., Aboud, E., & Rajab, M. 2022. Two-dimensional gravity inversion of basement relief for geothermal energy potentials at the Harrat Rahat volcanic field, Saudi Arabia, using particle swarm optimization. Energies, 15(8), pp. 2887. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15082887

Athens, N. D., & Caers, J. K. 2021. Gravity inversion for geothermal exploration with uncertainty quantification. Geothermics, 97, pp. 102230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2021.102230

Aulia, R. N., Nur, I., & Ilyas, A. 2022. Geothermal fluid characteristics based on geochemical analysis of hot water in the Wawolesea Area, North Konawe Regency Southeast Sulawesi Province. Jurnal Geocelebes, 6(1), pp. 64–71. https://doi.org/10.20956/geocelebes.v6i1.19672

Djuri. 2011. Peta Geologi Lembar Arjawinangun, Jawa. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi. Bandung.

Elkins, T. A. 1951. The Second Derivative Method of Gravity Interpretation. Geophysics, 16(1), pp. 29–50. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1437648

Essa, K. S., Mehanee, S. A., & Elhussein, M. 2021. Gravity data interpretation by a two-sided fault-like geologic structure using the global particle swarm technique. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 311, pp. 106631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2020.106631

Gaffar, E. Z., Wardhana, D. D., & Widarto, D. S. 2007. Studi Geofisika Terpadu di Lereng Selatan G. Ungaran, Jawa Tengah, dan Implikasinya Terhadap Struktur Panas Bumi. Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika, 8(2), pp. 101-119. https://doi.org/10.31172/jmg.v8i2.16

Gaber, G. M., Saleh, S., & Kotb, A. 2024. 3D gravity and magnetic inversion modelling for geothermal assessment and temperature modelling in the central eastern desert and Red Sea, Egypt. Scientific Reports, 14(1), pp. 15266. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-65131-z

Hirt, C., Claessens, S., Fecher, T., Kuhn, M., Pail, R., & Rexer, M. 2013. New ultrahigh-resolution picture of Earth’s gravity field. Geophysical Research Letters, 40(16), pp. 4279–4283. https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50838

Ismail, A., Nawawi, M. N. M., & Kadir, W. G. A. 2020. Fault detection using second vertical derivative of gravity data. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 174, pp. 103956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2020.103956

Iswahyudi, S., Pamungkas, M. A., Sunan, H. L., & Aditama, M. R. 2019. Kontrol Struktur Geologi Pada Kemunculan Mata Air Panas Bumi Daerah Subang, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Geosaintek, 5(3), pp. 113-118. https://doi.org/10.12962/j25023659.v5i3.6237

Karimah, N. A., Supriyadi, & Suprianto, A. 2020. Korelasi Data Gaya berat Satelit Pada Daerah Panas Bumi Blawan-Ijen. Jurnal Sains Dasar, 9(1), pp. 11–15. https://doi.org/10.21831/jsd.v9i1.26431

Karunianto, A. J., Haryanto, D., Hikmatullah, F., & Laesanpura, A. 2017. Penentuan Anomali Gaya berat Regional dan Residual Menggunakan Filter Gaussian Daerah Mamuju Sulawesi Barat. Eksplorium, 38(2), pp. 89-98. https://doi.org/10.17146/eksplorium.2017.38.2.3921

Leni, A. F. F. P. F., Hadi, A. I., Zakariya, H., & Refrizon, R. 2023. Identification of the Manna Segment Sumatran Fault using GGMplus gravity anomaly data with the second vertical derivative (SVD) method. Jurnal Ilmu Fisika, 15(2), pp. 123-136. https://doi.org/10.25077/jif.15.2.123-136.2023

Liao, Y., Zhang, W., Rong, Y., Li, L., & Hu, G. 2025. Geothermal distribution and evolution of fault-controlled Linyi geothermal system: Constrained from hydrogeochemical composition and numerical simulation. Geothermics, 125, pp. 103155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2024.103155

Lumbantoruan, I. N., Sarkowi, M., Mulyatno, B. S., & Wibowo, R. C. 2023. Identifikasi Struktur Patahan Dan Lokasi Reservoar Panasbumi Daerah Gunung Ciremai Berdasarkan Analisis Data Gravity. Jurnal Geosaintek, 9(2), pp. 70-79. http://doi.org/10.12962%2Fj25023659.v9i2.17131

Maimuna, A. K., Miftakhunnisa, A. F., & Segoro, Y. A. 2022. Pemodelan Inversi 3 Dimensi untuk Identifikasi Dugaan Keberadaan Patahan menggunakan Data Anomali Gaya Berat di Laut Flores (Studi Kasus Gempa Flores 14 Desember 2021). PROGRESS: Jurnal Geofisika, 1(1), pp. 55-62.

Martha, A. A. 2011. Pemodelan 3D Data Gaya Berat Lapangan Panas Bumi Ulubelu, Tanggamus, Lampung. Disertasi. Institut Teknologi Bandung.

Mazzaluna, H. P., Rustadi, & Wibowo, R. C. 2024. Geological structure identification using GGMplus satellite gravity data in the area surrounding Mount Tampomas. Eksplorium, 45(1), pp. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.55981/eksplorium.2024.6924

Mirwanda, S., Salsabila, F., Pramesti, R., Zakiyyah, A. R., & Tuelzar, M. R. 2021. Pemetaan Suhu Permukaan Anomali Panas Bumi Daerah Gunung Ciremai Menggunakan Data Inframerah Termal Landsat 8. Jurnal Geosains dan Remote Sensing, 2(2), pp. 92-99. https://doi.org/10.23960/jgrs.2021.v2i2.64

Moechtar, H., Pratomo, I., Mulyana, H., & Poedjoprajitno, S. 2007. Gerakan struktur dan kaitannya dengan faktor kendali tektonik, berdasarkan analisis stratigrafi; Studi kasus geologi kuarter terhadap fase perkembangan Danau Tondano purba sepanjang Remboken-Kakas, Kec. Remboken dan Kec. Kakas, Kab. Tomohon, Sulawesi Ut. Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, 2(3), pp. 177-190. https://doi.org/10.17014/ijog.2.3.177-190

Mulugeta, B. D., Fujimitsu, Y., Nishijima, J., & Saibi, H. 2021. Interpretation of gravity data to delineate the subsurface structures and reservoir geometry of the Aluto–Langano geothermal field, Ethiopia. Geothermics, 94, pp. 102093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2021.102093

Purnomo, B. J., Koesuma, S., & Yunianto, M. 2013. Pemisahan anomali regional-residual pada metode gaya berat menggunakan metode moving average, polynomial dan inversion. Indonesian Journal of Applied Physics, 3(1), pp. 10-20. https://doi.org/10.13057/ijap.v3i01.1208

Purnomo, B. J., & Pichler, T. 2014. Geothermal systems on the island of Java, Indonesia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 285, pp. 47-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.08.004

Reynolds, J. M. 2011. An introduction to applied and environmental geophysics. John Wiley & Sons.

Rinanda, S. T. 2024. Identification of the Subsurface Structure of the Great Sumatra Fault Dikit Segment Based on First Horizontal Derivative (FHD), Second Vertical Derivative (SVD), and Forward Modelling Analyses Forward Modelling of 2D Gravity Anomaly Data. Jurnal Geofisika, 22(2), pp. 13-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36435/jgf.v22i2.631

Rosa, W. A., Alimuddin, A., & Wibowo, R. C. 2025. Identifikasi Struktur Geologi Bawah Permukaan Menggunakan Analisis Derivatif serta Pemodelan Inversi Data Gaya Berat di Daerah Prospek Panas Bumi Matangnga Sulawesi Barat. Jurnal Geosaintek, 11(2), pp. 122-137. https://doi.org/10.12962/j25023659.v11i2.2426

Samodra, H. 2008. Geologi Batuan Dasar Gunung Ciremai Jawa Barat. Jurnal Biologi Indonesia, 4(5), pp. 279-287.

Sarkowi, M., Wibowo, R. C., & Mulyatno, B. S. 2021. Wai Selabung geothermal reservoir analysis based on gravity method. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Al-Biruni, 10(2), pp. 45-63. https://doi.org/10.24042/jipfalbiruni.v10i2.9705

Selçuk, A. S. 2022. Zilan jeotermal alanının (Erciş-Van) jeolojisi ve aktif tektonik özellikleri. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 27(2), pp. 416-435. https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1084633

Septian, Z., Hadiana, W. M., Ayunda, F., Putri, M. A., & Iskandar, I. 2025. Perbandingan Sistem Panas Bumi Air Panas Ciater dan Palimanan: Analisis berdasarkan Komposisi Hidrogeokimia. OPHIOLITE: Jurnal Geologi Terapan, 7(2), pp. 83-92. https://doi.org/10.56099/ophi.v7i2.p83-92

Sihombing, S., Dewi, I. K., & Adi Martha, A. 2026. Identification of subsurface structures in the geothermal manifestation area of mountain pusuk buhit samosir district, north Sumatra province using gravity method. Iranian Journal of Geophysics, 21(3), pp. e243145. https://doi.org/10.30499/ijg.2024.447355.1582

Soekarno, H., Pranoto, B., Restiana, A., Martha, A. A., Setiadi, T. A. P., Hudayat, N., & Sutejo, B. 2025. Identifying Geological Fault Structures Using GGMplus Satellite Data and Derivative Methods to Characterize Mount Endut Geothermal Systems via 3D-Inversion Gravity Modeling. Geomatics and Environmental Engineering, 19(3), pp. 31-62. https://doi.org/10.7494/geom.2025.19.3.31

Zaenudin, A., Karyanto, K., Kurniasih, A., & Wibowo, R. C. 2021. Analisis Struktur Patahan Daerah Suoh Menggunakan Metode Gaya Berat dan Penentuan Kerapatan Patahan. POSITRON, 11(2), pp. 95-103. https://doi.org/10.26418/positron.v11i2.48461